Arrhythmia mutations in calmodulin can disrupt cooperativity of Ca2+binding and cause misfolding.
Wang, K., Brohus, M., Holt, C., Overgaard, M.T., Wimmer, R., Van Petegem, F.(2020) J Physiol 598: 1169-1186
- PubMed: 32012279 
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/JP279307
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
6U39, 6U3A, 6U3B, 6U3D - PubMed Abstract: 
Mutations in the calmodulin protein (CaM) are associated with arrhythmia syndromes. This study focuses on understanding the structural characteristics of CaM disease mutants and their interactions with the voltage-gated calcium channel Ca V 1.2. Arrhythmia mutations in CaM can lead to loss of Ca 2+ binding, uncoupling of Ca 2+ binding cooperativity, misfolding of the EF-hands and altered affinity for the calcium channel. These results help us to understand how different CaM mutants have distinct effects on structure and interactions with protein targets to cause disease.
Organizational Affiliation: 
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, BC, Canada.