Ribonuclease T2

UniProtKB accession:  O00584

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UniProtKB description:  Ribonuclease that plays an essential role in innate immune response by recognizing and degrading RNAs from microbial pathogens that are subsequently sensed by TLR8 (PubMed:31778653). Cleaves preferentially single-stranded RNA molecules between purine and uridine residues, which critically contributes to the supply of catabolic uridine and the generation of purine-2',3'-cyclophosphate-terminated oligoribonucleotides (PubMed:31778653, PubMed:38697119). In turn, RNase T2 degradation products promote the RNA-dependent activation of TLR8 (PubMed:31778653). In plasmacytoid dendritic cells, it cooperates with PLD3 or PLD4 5'->3' exonucleases to process RNA fragments and release 2',3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (2',3'-cGMP), a potent stimulatory ligand for TLR7 (PubMed:38697119). Also plays a key role in degradation of mitochondrial RNA and processing of non-coding RNA imported from the cytosol into mitochondria (PubMed:28730546, PubMed:30184494). Participates as well in degradation of mitochondrion-associated cytosolic rRNAs (PubMed:30385512).