8PK3

CryoEM reconstruction of hemagglutinin HK68 of Influenza A virus bound to an Affimer reagent


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  • Resolution: 3.40 Å
  • Aggregation State: PARTICLE 
  • Reconstruction Method: SINGLE PARTICLE 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Exploiting the Affimer platform against influenza A virus.

Debski-Antoniak, O.Flynn, A.Klebl, D.P.Rojas Rechy, M.H.Tiede, C.Wilson, I.A.Muench, S.P.Tomlinson, D.Fontana, J.

(2024) mBio 15: e0180424-e0180424

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01804-24
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    8PK3

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Influenza A virus (IAV) is well known for its pandemic potential. While current surveillance and vaccination strategies are highly effective, therapeutic approaches are often short-lived due to the high mutation rates of IAV. Recently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, both against current strains and future IAV pandemics. In addition to mAbs, several antibody-like alternatives exist, which aim to improve upon mAbs. Among these, Affimers stand out for their short development time, high expression levels in Escherichia coli , and animal-free production. In this study, we utilized the Affimer platform to isolate and produce specific and potent inhibitors of IAV. Using a monomeric version of the IAV trimeric hemagglutinin (HA) fusion protein, we isolated 12 Affimers that inhibit IAV infection in vitro . Two of these Affimers were characterized in detail and exhibited nanomolar-binding affinities to the target H3 HA protein, specifically binding to the HA1 head domain. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), employing a novel spray approach to prepare cryo-grids, allowed us to image HA-Affimer complexes. Combined with functional assays, we determined that these Affimers inhibit IAV by blocking the interaction of HA with the host-cell receptor, sialic acid. Furthermore, these Affimers inhibited IAV strains closely related to the one used for their isolation. Overall, our results support the use of Affimers as a viable alternative to existing targeted therapies for IAV and highlight their potential as diagnostic reagents. Influenza A virus is one of the few viruses that can cause devastating pandemics. Due to the high mutation rates of this virus, annual vaccination is required, and antivirals are short-lived. Monoclonal antibodies present a promising approach to tackle influenza virus infections but are associated with some limitations. To improve on this strategy, we explored the Affimer platform, which are antibody-like proteins made in bacteria. By performing phage-display against a monomeric version of influenza virus fusion protein, an established viral target, we were able to isolate Affimers that inhibit influenza virus infection in vitro . We characterized the mechanism of inhibition of the Affimers by using assays targeting different stages of the viral replication cycle. We additionally characterized HA-Affimer complex structure, using a novel approach to prepare samples for cryo-electron microscopy. Overall, these results show that Affimers are a promising tool against influenza virus infection.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Hemagglutinin HA1 chainA,
D [auth B],
G [auth C]
322Influenza A virusMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: HA
UniProt
Find proteins for Q91MA7 (Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2))
Explore Q91MA7 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q91MA7
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ91MA7
Glycosylation
Glycosylation Sites: 4
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Hemagglutinin HA2 chainB [auth D],
E,
H [auth F]
175Influenza A virusMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: HA
UniProt
Find proteins for Q91MA7 (Influenza A virus (strain A/Hong Kong/1/1968 H3N2))
Explore Q91MA7 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q91MA7
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ91MA7
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 3
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Affimer molecule (A31)C [auth G],
F [auth H],
I
87synthetic constructMutation(s): 0 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Oligosaccharides

Help

Entity ID: 4
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoseJ,
L [auth S],
N [auth b]
2N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G42666HT
GlyCosmos:  G42666HT
GlyGen:  G42666HT
Entity ID: 5
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoseK [auth N],
M [auth W],
O [auth f]
5N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G22768VO
GlyCosmos:  G22768VO
GlyGen:  G22768VO
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  • Resolution: 3.40 Å
  • Aggregation State: PARTICLE 
  • Reconstruction Method: SINGLE PARTICLE 

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Wellcome TrustSpringboard Award

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2024-01-03
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2024-05-29
    Changes: Data processing
  • Version 1.2: 2024-08-28
    Changes: Data collection, Database references
  • Version 1.3: 2024-11-13
    Changes: Data collection, Structure summary