Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

ChainsDomain InfoClassFoldSuperfamilyFamilyDomainSpeciesProvenance Source (Version)
Ad1v97a1 All alpha proteins CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like Xanthine oxidase, domain 2 (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Ad1v97a2 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) beta-Grasp (ubiquitin-like) 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin domains from multidomain proteins Xanthine oxidase, N-terminal domain (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Ad1v97a3 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) alpha/beta-Hammerhead CO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-like CO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-like Xanthine oxidase, domain 5 (?) (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Ad1v97a4 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-domain-like CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain-like CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain-like Xanthine oxidase, domain 4 (?) (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Ad1v97a5 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) Molybdenum cofactor-binding domain Molybdenum cofactor-binding domain Molybdenum cofactor-binding domain Xanthine oxidase, C-terminal domain (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Ad1v97a6 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) FAD-binding/transporter-associated domain-like FAD-binding/transporter-associated domain-like CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein N-terminal domain-like Xanthine oxidase, domain 3 (?) (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Bd1v97b1 All alpha proteins CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like Xanthine oxidase, domain 2 (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Bd1v97b2 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) beta-Grasp (ubiquitin-like) 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-like 2Fe-2S ferredoxin domains from multidomain proteins Xanthine oxidase, N-terminal domain (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Bd1v97b3 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) alpha/beta-Hammerhead CO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-like CO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-like Xanthine oxidase, domain 5 (?) (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Bd1v97b4 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-domain-like CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain-like CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain-like Xanthine oxidase, domain 4 (?) (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Bd1v97b5 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) Molybdenum cofactor-binding domain Molybdenum cofactor-binding domain Molybdenum cofactor-binding domain Xanthine oxidase, C-terminal domain (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)
Bd1v97b6 Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) FAD-binding/transporter-associated domain-like FAD-binding/transporter-associated domain-like CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein N-terminal domain-like Xanthine oxidase, domain 3 (?) (Bos taurus ) [TaxId: 9913 ], SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

ChainsTypeFamily Name Domain Identifier Family IdentifierProvenance Source (Version)
ASCOP2B SuperfamilyFAD-binding/transporter-associated domain-like 8043065 3000913 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
ASCOP2B SuperfamilyCO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like 8043057 3000439 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
ASCOP2B Superfamily2Fe-2S ferredoxin-like 8043058 3000113 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
ASCOP2B SuperfamilyCO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-like 8043059 3000847 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
ASCOP2B SuperfamilyCO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain-like 8043061 3001921 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
ASCOP2B SuperfamilyMolybdenum cofactor-binding domain 8043062 3000625 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
BSCOP2B Superfamily2Fe-2S ferredoxin-like 8043058 3000113 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
BSCOP2B SuperfamilyCO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-like 8043059 3000847 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
BSCOP2B SuperfamilyCO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain-like 8043061 3001921 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
BSCOP2B SuperfamilyCO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like 8043057 3000439 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
BSCOP2B SuperfamilyMolybdenum cofactor-binding domain 8043062 3000625 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
BSCOP2B SuperfamilyFAD-binding/transporter-associated domain-like 8043065 3000913 SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

ChainsFamily NameDomain Identifier ArchitecturePossible HomologyHomologyTopologyFamilyProvenance Source (Version)
AFer2_2e1v97A1 A: alpha bundlesX: CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like (From Topology)H: CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like (From Topology)T: CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain likeF: Fer2_2ECOD (1.6)
AFer2e1v97A3 A: a+b two layersX: beta-GraspH: Ubiquitin-relatedT: Ubiquitin-likeF: Fer2ECOD (1.6)
AAld_Xan_dh_C2e1v97A7 A: a+b two layersX: MocoBD/DmpA-related (From Homology)H: MocoBD/DmpA-relatedT: Molybdenum cofactor-binding domainF: Ald_Xan_dh_C2ECOD (1.6)
ACO_deh_flav_Ce1v97A4 A: a+b two layersX: FAD-linked reductases, C-terminal domain-likeH: SufE/NifU (From Topology)T: SufE/NifUF: CO_deh_flav_CECOD (1.6)
AFAD_binding_5e1v97A5 A: a+b complex topologyX: FAD-binding domain-likeH: FAD-binding domain (From Topology)T: FAD-binding domainF: FAD_binding_5ECOD (1.6)
AAld_Xan_dh_Ce1v97A6 A: a+b complex topologyX: alpha/beta-Hammerhead/Barrel-sandwich hybridH: alpha/beta-Hammerhead/Barrel-sandwich hybridT: CO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-likeF: Ald_Xan_dh_CECOD (1.6)
BFer2_2e1v97B1 A: alpha bundlesX: CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like (From Topology)H: CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain like (From Topology)T: CO dehydrogenase ISP C-domain likeF: Fer2_2ECOD (1.6)
BFer2e1v97B3 A: a+b two layersX: beta-GraspH: Ubiquitin-relatedT: Ubiquitin-likeF: Fer2ECOD (1.6)
BAld_Xan_dh_C2e1v97B7 A: a+b two layersX: MocoBD/DmpA-related (From Homology)H: MocoBD/DmpA-relatedT: Molybdenum cofactor-binding domainF: Ald_Xan_dh_C2ECOD (1.6)
BCO_deh_flav_Ce1v97B4 A: a+b two layersX: FAD-linked reductases, C-terminal domain-likeH: SufE/NifU (From Topology)T: SufE/NifUF: CO_deh_flav_CECOD (1.6)
BFAD_binding_5e1v97B5 A: a+b complex topologyX: FAD-binding domain-likeH: FAD-binding domain (From Topology)T: FAD-binding domainF: FAD_binding_5ECOD (1.6)
BAld_Xan_dh_Ce1v97B6 A: a+b complex topologyX: alpha/beta-Hammerhead/Barrel-sandwich hybridH: alpha/beta-Hammerhead/Barrel-sandwich hybridT: CO dehydrogenase molybdoprotein N-domain-likeF: Ald_Xan_dh_CECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

ChainsAccessionNameDescriptionCommentsSource
A, B
PF00941FAD binding domain in molybdopterin dehydrogenase (FAD_binding_5)FAD binding domain in molybdopterin dehydrogenase- Family
A, B
PF01315Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead domain (Ald_Xan_dh_C)Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead domain- Domain
A, B
PF01799[2Fe-2S] binding domain (Fer2_2)[2Fe-2S] binding domain- Domain
A, B
PF20256Molybdopterin cofactor-binding domain (MoCoBD_2)Molybdopterin cofactor-binding domain- Domain
A, B
PF03450CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain (CO_deh_flav_C)CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain- Domain
A, B
PF02738Molybdopterin cofactor-binding domain (MoCoBD_1)Molybdopterin cofactor-binding domain- Domain
A, B
PF001112Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster binding domain (Fer2)2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster binding domain- Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

ChainsPolymerMolecular FunctionBiological ProcessCellular Component
A, B
Xanthine dehydrogenase

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

ChainsAccessionNameType
A, B
IPR016167FAD-binding, type PCMH, subdomain 1Homologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR0010412Fe-2S ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur binding domainDomain
A, B
IPR0060582Fe-2S ferredoxin, iron-sulphur binding siteBinding Site
A, B
IPR046867Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, second molybdopterin binding domainDomain
A, B
IPR002888[2Fe-2S]-bindingDomain
A, B
IPR036318FAD-binding, type PCMH-like superfamilyHomologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR016208Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase-likeFamily
A, B
IPR012675Beta-grasp domain superfamilyHomologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR036683CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein, C-terminal domain superfamilyHomologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR0360102Fe-2S ferredoxin-like superfamilyHomologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR000674Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerheadDomain
A, B
IPR022407Oxidoreductase, molybdopterin binding siteBinding Site
A, B
IPR036856Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead superfamilyHomologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR037165Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, molybdopterin binding domain superfamilyHomologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR016166FAD-binding domain, PCMH-typeDomain
A, B
IPR002346Molybdopterin dehydrogenase, FAD-bindingDomain
A, B
IPR014307Xanthine dehydrogenase, small subunitDomain
A, B
IPR016169FAD-binding, type PCMH, subdomain 2Homologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR036884[2Fe-2S]-binding domain superfamilyHomologous Superfamily
A, B
IPR008274Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, first molybdopterin binding domainDomain
A, B
IPR005107CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein, C-terminalDomain

Structure Motif Annotation: Mechanism and Catalytic Site Atlas M-CSA Database Homepage

ChainsEnzyme NameDescriptionCatalytic Residues
xanthine dehydrogenase (mammalian)  M-CSA #139

Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase catalyses the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine and xanthine, the last two stages in the biosynthesis pathway of urate. The enzyme is first formed as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), and exists mostly in this form within the cell but it can be readily converted to the oxidase form xanthine oxidase (XO) by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis.

The active form of the enzyme is a homodimer of a three chain subunits, where both units contain one molybdenum centre, one flavin (FAD) centre and two Fe-S clusters. The oxidation of xanthine to uric acid takes place at the molybdenum centre and results in a two electron reduction of the metal from Mo(VI) to Mo(IV). The enzyme is subsequently reoxidised by molecular oxygen in a reaction that occurs at the FAD cofactor.

Xanthine dehydrogenase (EC 1.17.1.4) and xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2 - M-CSA ID:987) are two variants of the same gene product. The former prefers NAD+ as the oxidising substrate whereas the latter uses dioxygen exclusively.

Defined by 3 residues: GLU:A-802ARG:A-880GLU:A-1261
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