ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

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is present as a standalone ligand in 8 entries

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Identifiers	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinephrine (R)-(-)-Adnephrine Epinephrine hydrochloride Epinephrinum (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol Epinephrin Epinephrine acetate (R)-(-)-Adrenaline L-Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Epinephrine bitartrate (−)-(R)-epinephrine (−)-adrenaline (R)-(−)-adrenaline Epinefrina (R)-(-)-Epirenamine 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol Adrénaline Levoepinephrine Adrenaline Epinefrin
Brand Names	Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Allerject Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Dysne Inhal Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Ephinephrine Adrenalin (epinephrine) Posicaine N Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Basic Dental Emergency Kit 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Pro Numb The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Adyphren II Kit Anapen Junior Numquick Topical Analgesic Xylocaine MPF Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Adrenaclick Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Lignospan Standard Octocaine 100 Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Prime Asthma Relief Orabloc 1:200,000 Septanest N Epinephrine EpinephrineSnap-EMS Symjepi Epinephrinesnap-V Articadent Crown-pak Max 4-ply E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Spinal Anesthesia Tray Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Zorcaine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Septocaine Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Adyphren Amp Kit Marcaine Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Ultracaine DS Inj Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Xylocaine Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP EpiPen E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Ultacan Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Taroclick Epinephrine Epipen Jr Numquick Analgesic Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Marcaine With Epinephrine Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Zone 2 Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Epinephrine Injection USP EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Sensorcaine Forte Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Citanest Forte DENTAL E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Epinephrine Professional EMS Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 QKit Procedure Tray Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Ultacan Forte Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Orabloc 1:100,000 Vivacaine Emerade Epinephrine Convenience Kit Epinephrine Injection Lidosite Posicaine Sp Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Adyphren Amp II Kit Orostat 8% Lidocaine Orabloc Sensorcaine Mpf Citanest Forte CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Lignospan Speciale Inj Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Xylocaine with epinephrine Adyphren Kit Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Sensorcaine Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Gingi-pak Pellets E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Adrenalin Topical Solution E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Lignospan Forte Twinject Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 EpiPen Jr Octocaine 50 Marcaine E Primatene Mist Primatene Mist Refill Vasocaine Ultracaine D-S Injection Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Adrenalin(r) Septanest Sp E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Scandonest 2% Special Inj Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Articaine Marcaine with Epinephrine Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Septocaine and Epinephrine Ana-kit Xylocaine-mpf With Epi 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Epipen Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Leep RediKit The Solution Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector EPY Kit Blue Gel Anesthetic EpinephrineSnap-V Adrenalin Anapen Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Epinephrine Chloride Solution Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 D-Care 100X LIDOCAINE HCl Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Lidocaine Hci EPY II Kit Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Medihaler-Epi Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Epinephrine Professional Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lixtraxen 1% Minnerva II Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Auvi-Q Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Indication	Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Inhibitors OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682