Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Lidosite
Epipen
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Lignospan Standard
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Lidocaine
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Medihaler-Epi
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Orabloc 1:200,000
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrinesnap-V
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Prime Asthma Relief
Zone 2
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Vivacaine
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
EPY II Kit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Primatene Mist Refill
Sensorcaine Forte
EpiPen
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Orabloc 1:100,000
Gingi-pak Pellets
Pro Numb
Sensorcaine
Emerade
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Anapen Junior
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Epipen Jr
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Leep RediKit
Marcaine
Twinject
Ana-kit
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Marcaine E
Xylocaine MPF
Minnerva II
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Ultacan
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
LIDOCAINE HCl
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
EPY Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Vasocaine
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Lidocaine Hci
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Epinephrine
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Octocaine 50
EpinephrineSnap-V
Adyphren Amp Kit
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Primatene Mist
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Orabloc
Lignospan Forte
Orostat 8%
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
QKit Procedure Tray
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenalin
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Posicaine Sp
Articadent
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Zorcaine
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Neffy
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Anapen
Citanest Forte
Taroclick Epinephrine
Adrenaclick
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Adyphren II Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Numquick Analgesic
Septanest Sp
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Sensorcaine Mpf
Ultacan Forte
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
D-Care 100X
Dysne Inhal
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Septocaine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Ephinephrine
Symjepi
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Ultracaine DS Inj
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lixtraxen 1%
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Auvi-Q
Epinephrine Professional
Septanest N
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Citanest Forte DENTAL
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Adrenalin Vials
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Articaine
Adrenalin(r)
Numquick Topical Analgesic
The Solution
Marcaine with Epinephrine
EpiPen Jr
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Octocaine 100
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Epinephrine Injection
Posicaine N
Allerject
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
