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Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Orabloc 1:100,000
Lignospan Standard
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Octocaine 50
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Orabloc
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Posicaine N
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Xylocaine
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Sensorcaine Forte
Octocaine 100
Zorcaine
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Dysne Inhal
Minnerva II
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Adrenaclick
Sensorcaine Mpf
EPY II Kit
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Septanest N
Lidosite
Xylocaine MPF
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Allerject
Ultacan
Posicaine Sp
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Vivacaine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Adyphren II Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Sensorcaine
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
QKit Procedure Tray
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Orabloc 1:200,000
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Symjepi
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
EPY Kit
Leep RediKit
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Lidocaine Hci
Medihaler-Epi
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
The Solution
Septocaine
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Anapen Junior
Primatene Mist
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
EpiPen
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Citanest Forte
Marcaine
Adyphren Amp Kit
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Adyphren Kit
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Orostat 8%
Auvi-Q
Lignospan Forte
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
EpiPen Jr
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Ephinephrine
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Zone 2
Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Pro Numb
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Epinephrine Injection
Adrenalin(r)
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Gingi-pak Pellets
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Epipen Jr
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine with epinephrine
D-Care 100X
Septanest Sp
Articadent
Ana-kit
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Twinject
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Lixtraxen 1%
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Marcaine E
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Anapen
Epinephrine Injection USP
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Ultracaine DS Inj
Emerade
EpinephrineSnap-V
Prime Asthma Relief
Epipen
Primatene Mist Refill
Numquick Analgesic
Articaine
Neffy
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Epinephrine Professional
Vasocaine
Taroclick Epinephrine
Ultacan Forte
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Lidocaine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
For questions/corrections to specific PDB entries, including citation updates: email deposit-help@mail.wwpdb.org
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