Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Orabloc 1:200,000
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
EpinephrineSnap-V
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lixtraxen 1%
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Epipen
Lignospan Forte
Orabloc 1:100,000
Epinephrine Injection USP
Epinephrine Injection
Sensorcaine
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Septanest Sp
Marcaine
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Taroclick Epinephrine
QKit Procedure Tray
Vivacaine
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Adrenaclick
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
EpiPen Jr
EPY Kit
Leep RediKit
Epipen Jr
Posicaine N
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Adyphren II Kit
Xylocaine
Zone 2
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Orabloc
Orostat 8%
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Primatene Mist
Posicaine Sp
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Citanest Forte
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Ultacan
Allerject
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Adrenalin(r)
Auvi-Q
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Vasocaine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Octocaine 50
Anapen
Medihaler-Epi
Octocaine 100
Septocaine
D-Care 100X
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Marcaine with Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Emerade
Lidocaine Hci
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Lignospan Standard
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine
The Solution
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Lidosite
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Articadent
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Articaine
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Pro Numb
EpiPen
Ana-kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Adyphren Amp Kit
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Anapen Junior
LIDOCAINE HCl
Twinject
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
EPY II Kit
Dysne Inhal
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Sensorcaine Mpf
Septanest N
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Epinephrine Professional
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Sensorcaine Forte
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Adyphren Kit
Marcaine E
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine MPF
Ephinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Ultacan Forte
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Pellets
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Zorcaine
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adrenalin
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Prime Asthma Relief
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Septocaine and Epinephrine
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Primatene Mist Refill
Symjepi
Minnerva II
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Ultracaine DS Inj
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
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