4APH | pdb_00004aph

Human angiotensin-converting enzyme in complex with angiotensin-II

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Metalloproteases (zincins), catalytic domain	8043386	3001975	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A		e4aphA1	A: Globin-like	X: Nucleoside diphosphate kinases	H: Nucleoside diphosphate kinases	T:	F:	ECOD (20:10:01)

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
B [auth P]	ANGIOTENSIN-2	molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity signaling receptor regulator activity growth factor activity receptor ligand activity signaling receptor activator activity angiotensin receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding type 1 angiotensin receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding type 2 angiotensin receptor binding enzyme regulator activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity signaling receptor regulator activity growth factor activity receptor ligand activity signaling receptor activator activity angiotensin receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding type 1 angiotensin receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding type 2 angiotensin receptor binding enzyme regulator activity molecular function inhibitor activity peptidase regulator activity serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity enzyme inhibitor activity peptidase inhibitor activity endopeptidase regulator activity endopeptidase inhibitor activity hormone activity	heart process multicellular organismal process system process regulation of biological process regulation of cardiac conduction regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process biological regulation circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation cardiac conduction regulation of multicellular organismal process heart contraction blood circulation heart process multicellular organismal process system process regulation of biological process regulation of cardiac conduction regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process biological regulation circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation cardiac conduction regulation of multicellular organismal process heart contraction blood circulation regulation of blood pressure regulation of biological quality regulation of defense response response to stimulus regulation of response to external stimulus defense response positive regulation of biological process response to external stimulus regulation of inflammatory response positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of response to external stimulus positive regulation of inflammatory response regulation of response to stimulus regulation of response to stress response to stress positive regulation of defense response inflammatory response renal system process regulation of cellular process positive regulation of cellular component organization regulation of cellular component organization gap junction assembly cellular component biogenesis cellular component organization cellular component assembly positive regulation of gap junction assembly cell junction assembly cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of cellular process cell-cell junction assembly cell-cell junction organization positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis regulation of gap junction assembly regulation of cellular component biogenesis regulation of cell junction assembly positive regulation of cell junction assembly cell junction organization cellular process regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure endocrine process regulation of renal output by angiotensin cellular response to stimulus regulation of catalytic activity negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of catalytic activity regulation of signal transduction regulation of transferase activity regulation of MAP kinase activity intracellular signal transduction regulation of primary metabolic process cell communication negative regulation of kinase activity phosphate-containing compound metabolic process intracellular signaling cassette negative regulation of protein modification process signal transduction phosphorus metabolic process protein modification process negative regulation of protein metabolic process protein phosphorylation phosphorylation regulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process primary metabolic process regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of molecular function regulation of kinase activity negative regulation of protein phosphorylation regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity macromolecule modification regulation of phosphorus metabolic process metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation signaling negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of cell communication regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity negative regulation of cellular process protein metabolic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of signaling negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of molecular function negative regulation of MAP kinase activity regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of protein kinase activity negative regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process MAPK cascade regulation of cell communication regulation of phosphorylation negative regulation of phosphorylation negative regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of localization renal sodium excretion inorganic ion homeostasis regulation of renal system process transport homeostatic process localization monoatomic ion homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis excretion sodium ion homeostasis regulation of transport secretion renal tubular secretion establishment of localization regulation of secretion regulation of renal sodium excretion chemical homeostasis regulation of excretion regulation of tube diameter regulation of tube size vascular process in circulatory system blood vessel diameter maintenance vasoconstriction regulation of anatomical structure size cellular response to growth factor stimulus negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway cellular response to endogenous stimulus neurotrophin signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to endogenous stimulus regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway response to growth factor regulation of growth growth regulation of cell growth cell growth response to angiotensin response to hormone response to chemical response to peptide hormone response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound cell-cell signaling regulation of apoptotic process apoptotic process regulation of programmed cell death cell death programmed cell death regulation of vasoconstriction cellular response to nitrogen compound angiotensin-activated signaling pathway cellular response to angiotensin cellular response to hormone stimulus cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to chemical stimulus G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction positive regulation of ERBB signaling pathway regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway regulation of ERBB signaling pathway ERBB signaling pathway positive regulation of signaling positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription RNA metabolic process positive regulation of miRNA transcription positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process regulation of RNA metabolic process miRNA transcription positive regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of miRNA metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process miRNA metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process positive regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription regulation of miRNA transcription regulation of aldosterone secretion regulation of steroid hormone secretion aldosterone secretion mineralocorticoid secretion regulation of hormone levels lipid transport regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion endocrine hormone secretion lipid export from cell renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion regulation of endocrine process corticosteroid hormone secretion regulation of hormone secretion steroid hormone secretion regulation of lipid transport organic hydroxy compound transport hormone secretion secretion by cell regulation of secretion by cell signal release renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure lipid localization export from cell regulation of lipid localization macromolecule localization hormone transport phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle adaptation positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy striated muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle system process muscle system process regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy regulation of muscle hypertrophy muscle adaptation positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy cardiac muscle hypertrophy positive regulation of multicellular organismal process nitric oxide mediated signal transduction nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling developmental process multicellular organism development anatomical structure development animal organ development kidney development renal system development system development G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger plasma lipoprotein particle organization low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex remodeling protein-lipid complex organization plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels protein-lipid complex remodeling positive regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility endothelial cell migration positive regulation of cell migration regulation of locomotion positive regulation of endothelial cell migration positive regulation of cell motility regulation of cell migration regulation of endothelial cell migration cell migration cell motility locomotion mesonephric epithelium development kidney epithelium development branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube nephron tubule morphogenesis regulation of kidney development regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis positive regulation of developmental process tube morphogenesis animal organ morphogenesis nephron development regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure epithelium development regulation of animal organ morphogenesis tissue development mesonephric tubule development renal tubule morphogenesis regulation of developmental process nephron morphogenesis nephron epithelium morphogenesis nephron tubule development ureteric bud morphogenesis positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis renal tubule development regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium epithelial tube morphogenesis regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis nephron epithelium development ureteric bud development tube development mesonephros development morphogenesis of an epithelium tissue morphogenesis anatomical structure morphogenesis kidney morphogenesis morphogenesis of a branching structure positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis mesonephric tubule morphogenesis morphogenesis of a branching epithelium response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation response to activity response to muscle activity regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition cellular developmental process positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulation of cell differentiation mesenchyme development positive regulation of cell differentiation cell differentiation epithelial to mesenchymal transition mesenchymal cell differentiation positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization extracellular matrix organization regulation of extracellular matrix assembly positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly regulation of extracellular matrix organization extracellular matrix assembly extracellular structure organization external encapsulating structure organization fibroblast proliferation cell population proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of fibroblast proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation regulation of cholesterol metabolic process steroid metabolic process regulation of lipid metabolic process sterol metabolic process cholesterol metabolic process alcohol metabolic process regulation of small molecule metabolic process positive regulation of lipid metabolic process small molecule metabolic process regulation of steroid metabolic process secondary alcohol metabolic process positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process positive regulation of steroid metabolic process positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process lipid metabolic process extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of programmed cell death positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of apoptotic process regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction macrophage derived foam cell differentiation foam cell differentiation regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation reactive oxygen species metabolic process positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process blood vessel remodeling tissue remodeling maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin cytokine production regulation of cytokine production positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of cytokine production	extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle cellular anatomical structure extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle cell periphery extracellular matrix external encapsulating structure blood microparticle
A	ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME	peptidase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein metallopeptidase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity protein binding binding kinase binding enzyme binding protein kinase binding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding metallocarboxypeptidase activity exopeptidase activity metalloexopeptidase activity peptidase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein metallopeptidase activity hydrolase activity catalytic activity protein binding binding kinase binding enzyme binding protein kinase binding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding metallocarboxypeptidase activity exopeptidase activity metalloexopeptidase activity carboxypeptidase activity endopeptidase activity calmodulin binding mitogen-activated protein kinase binding metallodipeptidase activity dipeptidase activity metalloendopeptidase activity ion binding anion binding chloride ion binding small molecule binding peptidyl-dipeptidase activity cytoskeletal protein binding actin binding signaling receptor binding bradykinin receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding serine-type exopeptidase activity serine hydrolase activity serine-type peptidase activity tripeptidyl-peptidase activity cation binding transition metal ion binding zinc ion binding metal ion binding	developmental process multicellular organismal process gonad development reproductive system development reproductive process sex differentiation animal organ development developmental process involved in reproduction male gonad development male sex differentiation multicellular organism development development of primary male sexual characteristics development of primary sexual characteristics anatomical structure development reproductive structure development developmental process multicellular organismal process gonad development reproductive system development reproductive process sex differentiation animal organ development developmental process involved in reproduction male gonad development male sex differentiation multicellular organism development development of primary male sexual characteristics development of primary sexual characteristics anatomical structure development reproductive structure development system development organic anion transport carboxylic acid transport secretion transport arachidonate transport lipid localization lipid transport establishment of localization organic acid transport localization arachidonate secretion monocarboxylic acid transport fatty acid transport icosanoid transport macromolecule localization icosanoid secretion long-chain fatty acid transport catabolic process metabolic process cellular process peptide metabolic process peptide catabolic process system process circulatory system process regulation of blood pressure biological regulation regulation of biological quality blood circulation spermatogenesis sexual reproduction multicellular organismal reproductive process male gamete generation gamete generation regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure endocrine process regulation of renal output by angiotensin regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process regulation of protein metabolic process primary metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of angiotensin metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of tube diameter regulation of tube size regulation of system process regulation of blood circulation regulation of vasoconstriction vascular process in circulatory system regulation of multicellular organismal process blood vessel diameter maintenance vasoconstriction regulation of anatomical structure size cellular response to stimulus cellular response to nitrogen compound response to angiotensin response to stimulus signaling response to peptide hormone angiotensin-activated signaling pathway cellular response to angiotensin cell communication cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to hormone signal transduction cellular response to hormone stimulus response to endogenous stimulus response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus response to nitrogen compound cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to chemical stimulus response to chemical G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway neuropeptide catabolic process substance P catabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of cell motility regulation of smooth muscle cell migration smooth muscle cell migration muscle cell migration regulation of locomotion regulation of cell migration cell migration cell motility locomotion regulation of cellular component organization negative regulation of cellular component organization gap junction assembly regulation of gap junction assembly negative regulation of biological process regulation of cellular component biogenesis cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis regulation of cell junction assembly negative regulation of gap junction assembly cell junction organization cellular component assembly negative regulation of cell junction assembly cell junction assembly negative regulation of cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis cell-cell junction assembly cell-cell junction organization cell population proliferation mononuclear cell proliferation leukocyte proliferation positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure positive regulation of blood pressure bradykinin catabolic process kidney development renal system development heart process regulation of heart contraction cardiac conduction regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction heart contraction regulation of heart rate peptide hormone processing signaling receptor ligand precursor processing protein maturation proteolysis regulation of hormone levels regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin hormone metabolic process regulation of angiotensin levels in blood protein processing angiotensin maturation amyloid-beta metabolic process regulation of stem cell proliferation cellular developmental process hemopoiesis cell development stem cell proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation cell differentiation hematopoietic stem cell proliferation regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation neutrophil mediated immunity immune system process leukocyte mediated immunity myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity immune effector process stem cell differentiation hematopoietic stem cell differentiation hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation blood vessel remodeling tissue remodeling regulation of synaptic plasticity trans-synaptic signaling regulation of signaling modulation of chemical synaptic transmission cell-cell signaling chemical synaptic transmission synaptic signaling regulation of trans-synaptic signaling anterograde trans-synaptic signaling regulation of cell communication cell proliferation in bone marrow hormone catabolic process antigen processing and presentation antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of gene expression negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process	cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure lytic vacuole vacuole cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle lysosome endosome intracellular vesicle endomembrane system cytoplasmic vesicle

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
B [auth P]	IPR000215	Serpin family	Family
B [auth P]	IPR042178	Serpin superfamily, domain 1	Homologous Superfamily
B [auth P]	IPR023795	Serpin, conserved site	Conserved Site
B [auth P]	IPR033834	Angiotensinogen, serpin domain	Domain
B [auth P]	IPR036186	Serpin superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B [auth P]	IPR000227	Angiotensinogen	Family
B [auth P]	IPR023796	Serpin domain	Domain
B [auth P]	IPR042185	Serpin superfamily, domain 2	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR001548	Peptidase M2, peptidyl-dipeptidase A	Family

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
B [auth P]	Pharos: P01019	hypertensive disorder endomyocardial fibrosis IgA glomerulonephritis abdominal aortic aneurysm aortic aneurysm retinopathy of prematurity essential hypertension kidney disease heart disease renal hypertension cardiomyopathy kidney failure glomerulonephritis diabetic retinopathy Myocardial Reperfusion Injury hypertensive disorder endomyocardial fibrosis IgA glomerulonephritis abdominal aortic aneurysm aortic aneurysm retinopathy of prematurity essential hypertension kidney disease heart disease renal hypertension cardiomyopathy kidney failure glomerulonephritis diabetic retinopathy Myocardial Reperfusion Injury preeclampsia glucose intolerance anemia visual epilepsy renal tubular dysgenesis of genetic origin myocardial infarction cardiovascular disease cirrhosis of liver focal segmental glomerulosclerosis alcoholic cardiomyopathy potassium deficiency disease ureteral obstruction nephrosis carotid artery disease cholestasis pneumonia congestive heart failure proteinuria anuria pulmonary fibrosis malignant hypertension atherosclerosis bipolar disorder esophageal adenocarcinoma pneumonitis ulcerative colitis large cell medulloblastoma psoriasis lung cancer malignant pancreatic neoplasm diabetic kidney disease arteriosclerosis disorder Down syndrome hypotensive disorder subependymal giant cell astrocytoma pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma interstitial cystitis pituitary cancer congenital diaphragmatic hernia primitive neuroectodermal tumor depressive disorder lung carcinoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor myocardial ischemia breast cancer essential hypertension, genetic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia fetal growth restriction intellectual disability pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia thrombotic disease ischemia reperfusion injury gastric carcinoma coronary artery disease lung adenocarcinoma heart failure medulloblastoma renal tubular dysgenesis
A	Pharos: P12821	hypertensive disorder Alzheimer disease severe acute respiratory syndrome atrial fibrillation myocardial infarction kidney failure coronary artery disease IgA glomerulonephritis cerebrovascular disorder Gaucher disease congestive heart failure meningococcal infection kidney disease glycogen storage disease V Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental hypertensive disorder Alzheimer disease severe acute respiratory syndrome atrial fibrillation myocardial infarction kidney failure coronary artery disease IgA glomerulonephritis cerebrovascular disorder Gaucher disease congestive heart failure meningococcal infection kidney disease glycogen storage disease V Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage cardiovascular disease granular cell carcinoma male infertility non-alcoholic fatty liver disease brain ischemia chronic kidney disease prostate cancer renal tubular dysgenesis of genetic origin tubular adenocarcinoma viral pneumonia drug allergy adenocarcinoma chronic beryllium disease preeclampsia pulmonary hypertension coronary restenosis microvascular complications of diabetes, susceptibility to, 3 depressive disorder hypotensive disorder autoimmune disease bipolar disorder peripheral arterial disease drug psychosis pneumonia gastric neoplasm lung benign neoplasm renal tubular dysgenesis heart disease respiratory system disease hepatocellular carcinoma angioedema cribriform carcinoma schizophrenia dementia autism thrombotic disease diabetic kidney disease inherited disease susceptibility obesity disorder peripheral vascular disease essential hypertension familial atrial fibrillation lung disease major affective disorder 2 heart failure hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma aortic disease cribriform carcinoma of breast staphylococcus aureus infection hyperglycemia atherosclerosis diabetes mellitus inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder non-small cell lung carcinoma inherited lipid metabolism disorder facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy gastric cancer adult acute respiratory distress syndrome lung adenocarcinoma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease major depressive disorder anemia COVID-19 sarcoidosis staphylococcal infection Hodgkins lymphoma

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729. RCSB PDB uses resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a Department of Energy User Facility.