5NU5

Crystal structure of the human bromodomain of EP300 bound to the inhibitor XDM-CBP

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
B	d5nu5b1	All alpha proteins	Bromodomain-like	Bromodomain	Bromodomain	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
B	d5nu5b2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
A	d5nu5a1	All alpha proteins	Bromodomain-like	Bromodomain	Bromodomain	automated matches	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
A	d5nu5a2	Artifacts	Tags	Tags	Tags	N-terminal Tags	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
B	SCOP2B Superfamily	Bromodomain	8084259	3001843	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Bromodomain	8084259	3001843	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
B	Bromodomain	e5nu5B1	A: alpha bundles	X: Bromodomain-like	H: Bromodomain (From Topology)	T: Bromodomain	F: Bromodomain	ECOD (1.6)
A	Bromodomain	e5nu5A1	A: alpha bundles	X: Bromodomain-like	H: Bromodomain (From Topology)	T: Bromodomain	F: Bromodomain	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
B	1.20.920.10	Mainly Alpha	Up-down Bundle	Histone Acetyltransferase	Chain A	CATH (4.3.0)
A	1.20.920.10	Mainly Alpha	Up-down Bundle	Histone Acetyltransferase	Chain A	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, B	PF00439	Bromodomain (Bromodomain)	Bromodomain	Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine [3].	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, B	Histone acetyltransferase p300	acetyltransferase activity acyltransferase activity acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups transferase activity catalytic activity peptide 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferase activity N-acyltransferase activity DNA binding binding organic cyclic compound binding nucleic acid binding catalytic activity, acting on a protein histone butyryltransferase activity peptide butyryltransferase activity acetyltransferase activity acyltransferase activity acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups transferase activity catalytic activity peptide 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferase activity N-acyltransferase activity DNA binding binding organic cyclic compound binding nucleic acid binding catalytic activity, acting on a protein histone butyryltransferase activity peptide butyryltransferase activity histone modifying activity N-acetyltransferase activity histone H3 acetyltransferase activity peptide N-acetyltransferase activity histone acetyltransferase activity peptide-lysine-N-acetyltransferase activity transcription factor binding RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding nuclear receptor binding protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor binding nuclear androgen receptor binding transcription coregulator binding transcription coactivator binding chromatin binding chromatin DNA binding beta-catenin binding NF-kappaB binding histone H3K122 acetyltransferase activity STAT family protein binding histone H2B acetyltransferase activity cytoskeletal protein binding tau protein binding peptide crotonyltransferase activity histone crotonyltransferase activity lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor histone H3K27 acetyltransferase activity protein propionyltransferase activity pre-mRNA binding RNA binding pre-mRNA intronic binding p53 binding transcription coactivator activity transcription regulator activity transcription coregulator activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity damaged DNA binding modification-dependent protein binding acetylation-dependent protein binding histone H3K18 acetyltransferase activity cation binding transition metal ion binding zinc ion binding ion binding metal ion binding small molecule binding peptide lactyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity histone lactyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity histone H4 acetyltransferase activity	developmental process heart development multicellular organism development multicellular organismal process anatomical structure development animal organ development circulatory system development system development regulation of protein stability biological regulation regulation of biological quality protein stabilization behavior thigmotaxis developmental process heart development multicellular organism development multicellular organismal process anatomical structure development animal organ development circulatory system development system development regulation of protein stability biological regulation regulation of biological quality protein stabilization behavior thigmotaxis regulation of cellular process positive regulation of biological process RNA metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic cellular component organization RNA biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of biosynthetic process chromatin organization chromatin remodeling positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of cellular process transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of biological process epigenetic regulation of gene expression primary metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process gene expression nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process macromolecule biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process DNA-templated transcription initiation regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process cellular process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process peptidyl-lysine acetylation peptidyl-lysine modification protein acylation protein acetylation macromolecule modification peptidyl-amino acid modification protein metabolic process protein modification process positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of molecular function regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of molecular function regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulation of DNA-templated transcription apoptotic process cell death programmed cell death ribonucleotide catabolic process pyridine nucleotide catabolic process oxoacid metabolic process carbohydrate catabolic process organophosphate catabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy nucleoside phosphate catabolic process organic acid metabolic process regulation of ATP metabolic process regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process regulation of small molecule metabolic process glycolytic process regulation of nucleotide metabolic process regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process pyridine-containing compound metabolic process small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleotide catabolic process phosphorus metabolic process pyridine nucleotide metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process pyruvate metabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine-containing compound catabolic process nucleotide metabolic process regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process regulation of nucleotide catabolic process regulation of phosphorus metabolic process nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolic process purine ribonucleotide metabolic process pyridine-containing compound catabolic process ribose phosphate metabolic process catabolic process ATP metabolic process purine nucleotide metabolic process ribonucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process nucleotide catabolic process ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process carbohydrate metabolic process purine nucleotide catabolic process carbohydrate derivative catabolic process ADP catabolic process carboxylic acid metabolic process regulation of catabolic process generation of precursor metabolites and energy regulation of glycolytic process purine-containing compound metabolic process ADP metabolic process organophosphate metabolic process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process regulation of neuron projection development regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization cellular developmental process cell projection organization cell development neuron projection development neurogenesis neuron differentiation positive regulation of neuron projection development cell differentiation positive regulation of cell projection organization plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization regulation of cell projection organization nervous system development generation of neurons neuron development regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains response to stimulus regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell activation positive regulation of T cell differentiation alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response regulation of cell development positive regulation of immune response T cell activation regulation of T-helper cell differentiation alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of immune system process positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation immune response T-helper cell differentiation alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment positive regulation of cell development immune effector process regulation of response to stimulus regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion T-helper 17 cell differentiation cell fate commitment CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation regulation of developmental process positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion regulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of lymphocyte activation alpha-beta T cell differentiation T cell activation involved in immune response positive regulation of cell differentiation leukocyte activation involved in immune response positive regulation of immune effector process regulation of cell-cell adhesion regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation hemopoiesis regulation of cell adhesion cell activation positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation immune system process regulation of lymphocyte activation regulation of immune effector process regulation of leukocyte differentiation mononuclear cell differentiation regulation of cell differentiation lymphocyte differentiation cell activation involved in immune response CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of cell activation positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment positive regulation of leukocyte activation T cell differentiation positive regulation of adaptive immune response CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment positive regulation of immune system process positive regulation of T cell activation regulation of adaptive immune response T-helper cell lineage commitment T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of immune response positive regulation of multicellular organismal process leukocyte differentiation regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation lymphocyte activation leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte activation positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation cell adhesion regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains cell-cell adhesion alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response positive regulation of hemopoiesis CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of multicellular organismal process lymphocyte activation involved in immune response positive regulation of cell fate commitment regulation of lymphocyte differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal development regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response regulation of cell fate commitment positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of T cell activation T cell differentiation involved in immune response T cell lineage commitment adaptive immune response positive T cell selection regulation of hemopoiesis positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation T cell selection positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation T-helper 17 type immune response viral gene expression biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms modulation by host of symbiont process viral process biological process involved in interaction with symbiont viral transcription positive regulation by host of viral transcription biological process involved in symbiotic interaction peptidyl-lysine propionylation fat cell differentiation negative regulation of catabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process autophagy negative regulation of biological process regulation of autophagy negative regulation of autophagy negative regulation of cellular process process utilizing autophagic mechanism negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of RNA metabolic process multicellular organism growth developmental growth growth cellular response to acid chemical cellular response to stimulus cellular response to nitrogen compound cellular response to amino acid stimulus response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound response to amino acid cellular response to L-leucine cellular response to oxygen-containing compound response to acid chemical cellular response to chemical stimulus response to chemical response to L-leucine swimming locomotion rhythmic process circadian rhythm behavioral defense response defense response response to stress somitogenesis epithelium development chordate embryonic development segmentation anterior/posterior pattern specification pattern specification process embryo development tissue development regionalization anatomical structure morphogenesis embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching somite development anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation protein maturation N-terminal protein amino acid modification N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation peptidyl-lysine butyrylation peptidyl-lysine crotonylation platelet morphogenesis cell morphogenesis myeloid cell differentiation platelet formation regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein metabolic process macromolecule deacylation protein deacetylation regulation of tubulin deacetylation protein deacylation regulation of protein deacetylation tubulin deacetylation monosaccharide metabolic process negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process gluconeogenesis negative regulation of gluconeogenesis regulation of glucose metabolic process negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process small molecule biosynthetic process carbohydrate biosynthetic process hexose metabolic process monosaccharide biosynthetic process hexose biosynthetic process regulation of gluconeogenesis regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process glucose metabolic process regulation of signaling signaling regulation of signal transduction signal transduction by p53 class mediator intracellular signal transduction cell communication regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator regulation of cell communication signal transduction intracellular receptor signaling pathway response to lipid hormone-mediated signaling pathway cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to hormone response to steroid hormone regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway androgen receptor signaling pathway nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus response to organic cyclic compound steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway cellular response to hormone stimulus response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to organic cyclic compound regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway cellular response to lipid nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway protein destabilization cellular response to nutrient levels response to nutrient levels negative regulation of cellular component organization protein-containing complex organization regulation of cellular component biogenesis negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly cellular component biogenesis regulation of protein-containing complex assembly cellular component assembly protein-containing complex assembly protein localization regulation of localization cellular localization establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport regulation of protein localization nucleocytoplasmic transport transport positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport nuclear transport positive regulation of establishment of protein localization regulation of protein localization to nucleus positive regulation of protein transport localization import into nucleus regulation of protein import into nucleus cellular macromolecule localization establishment of localization in cell protein import into nucleus positive regulation of intracellular transport regulation of intracellular transport regulation of transport positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus regulation of establishment of protein localization positive regulation of protein import into nucleus intracellular transport regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport protein localization to nucleus regulation of protein transport establishment of localization positive regulation of transport establishment of protein localization to organelle regulation of cellular localization protein transport macromolecule localization protein localization to organelle positive regulation of protein localization regulation of intracellular protein transport positive regulation of intracellular protein transport intracellular protein transport regulation of organelle organization organelle organization regulation of mitochondrion organization mitochondrion organization response to decreased oxygen levels response to hypoxia response to oxygen levels response to abiotic stimulus internal protein amino acid acetylation positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process cellular response to heat regulation of cellular response to heat regulation of cellular response to stress response to heat response to temperature stimulus cellular response to stress regulation of response to stress canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette megakaryocyte differentiation megakaryocyte development myeloid cell development B cell activation B cell differentiation response to estrogen animal organ morphogenesis head development face morphogenesis head morphogenesis face development body morphogenesis positive regulation of cell communication cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway positive regulation of signal transduction cellular response to growth factor stimulus cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway positive regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus response to transforming growth factor beta transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway response to growth factor transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway positive regulation of signaling tube development respiratory tube development lung development respiratory system development muscle structure development skeletal muscle organ development skeletal muscle tissue development muscle tissue development muscle organ development striated muscle tissue development positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to biotic stimulus immune response-activating signaling pathway innate immune response-activating signaling pathway response to other organism immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of innate immune response response to external stimulus response to lectin defense response to other organism cellular response to lectin positive regulation of defense response activation of innate immune response activation of immune response regulation of defense response regulation of response to biotic stimulus regulation of response to external stimulus innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of response to external stimulus immune response-regulating signaling pathway innate immune response response to external biotic stimulus positive regulation of innate immune response defense response to symbiont stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of TORC1 signaling positive regulation of TOR signaling regulation of TORC1 signaling TOR signaling regulation of TOR signaling positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction TORC1 signaling response to light stimulus cellular response to radiation response to UV cellular response to environmental stimulus cellular response to light stimulus response to radiation cellular response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to UV cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT system process learning or memory nervous system process cognition intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator apoptotic signaling pathway DNA damage response intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway foam cell differentiation macrophage derived foam cell differentiation internal peptidyl-lysine acetylation	cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol protein-containing complex transcription regulator complex intracellular organelle organelle membraneless organelle intracellular membraneless organelle chromatin chromosome catalytic complex transferase complex cellular anatomical structure intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol protein-containing complex transcription regulator complex intracellular organelle organelle membraneless organelle intracellular membraneless organelle chromatin chromosome catalytic complex transferase complex histone acetyltransferase complex acetyltransferase complex protein acetyltransferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex membrane-bounded organelle nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen protein-DNA complex

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, B	IPR043145	Zinc finger, ZZ-type superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR018359	Bromodomain, conserved site	Conserved Site
A, B	IPR036529	Coactivator CBP, KIX domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR009110	Nuclear receptor coactivator, interlocking	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR000433	Zinc finger, ZZ-type	Domain
A, B	IPR013178	Histone acetyltransferase Rtt109/CBP	Family
A, B	IPR013083	Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR010303	CREB-binding protein/p300, atypical RING domain	Domain
A, B	IPR037073	Nuclear receptor coactivator, CREB-bp-like, interlocking domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR014744	Nuclear receptor coactivator, CREB-bp-like, interlocking	Domain
A, B	IPR038547	CBP/p300, atypical RING domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR000197	Zinc finger, TAZ-type	Domain
A, B	IPR003101	Coactivator CBP, KIX domain	Domain
A, B	IPR036427	Bromodomain-like superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR001487	Bromodomain	Domain
A, B	IPR035898	TAZ domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, B	IPR031162	CBP/p300-type histone acetyltransferase domain	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A, B	Pharos: Q09472	Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome transitional cell carcinoma melanoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma urinary bladder cancer Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome due to EP300 haploinsufficiency endometrial carcinoma acute myeloid leukemia salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma small cell lung carcinoma obesity disorder breast carcinoma colorectal cancer Craniofacial Abnormalities Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome transitional cell carcinoma melanoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma urinary bladder cancer Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome due to EP300 haploinsufficiency endometrial carcinoma acute myeloid leukemia salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma small cell lung carcinoma obesity disorder breast carcinoma colorectal cancer Craniofacial Abnormalities squamous cell carcinoma T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma adenoid cystic carcinoma exocrine pancreatic carcinoma toxic epidermal necrolysis lung adenocarcinoma urinary bladder neoplasm adrenoleukodystrophy benign neoplasm of pancreas breast cancer osteogenesis imperfecta colorectal adenocarcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma cutaneous melanoma rheumatoid arthritis endogenous depression hematologic disease lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma bipolar disorder osteosarcoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm prostate cancer diffuse large B-cell lymphoma small cell carcinoma endometrial cancer intellectual disability malignant glioma autism spectrum disorder breast adenocarcinoma osteoarthritis cancer ovarian cancer colorectal carcinoma pancreatic neoplasm Crohn disease psoriasis

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.