9WVF | pdb_00009wvf

Crystal structure of HLA-A*11:01 in complex with KRAS G12S 10-mer peptide (VVVGASGVGK)

External Resource: Annotation

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, D, G, J	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain	binding antigen binding peptide antigen binding peptide binding TAP complex binding protein-containing complex binding beta-2-microglobulin binding protein binding signaling receptor binding T cell receptor binding CD8 receptor binding RNA binding nucleic acid binding TAP binding	adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains lymphocyte mediated immunity T cell mediated cytotoxicity T cell mediated immunity response to tumor cell T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target response to stimulus immune response immune response to tumor cell leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity adaptive immune response response to biotic stimulus immune effector process T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell immune system process adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains lymphocyte mediated immunity T cell mediated cytotoxicity T cell mediated immunity response to tumor cell T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target response to stimulus immune response immune response to tumor cell leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity adaptive immune response response to biotic stimulus immune effector process T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell immune system process leukocyte mediated immunity cellular process cell killing multicellular organismal process regulation of cellular process positive regulation of cell population proliferation CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of leukocyte activation CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation regulation of cell activation positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation positive regulation of cell activation T cell activation alpha-beta T cell proliferation lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of leukocyte activation positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of immune system process positive regulation of immune system process regulation of leukocyte proliferation regulation of biological process positive regulation of T cell activation cell population proliferation regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of T cell proliferation positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation positive regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion lymphocyte activation leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte proliferation leukocyte activation positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of lymphocyte activation regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cellular process T cell proliferation regulation of lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of cell adhesion cell activation biological regulation regulation of T cell activation regulation of T cell proliferation regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of lymphocyte activation regulation of immune effector process positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity T cell cytokine production positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of immune response cytokine production positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of adaptive immune response positive regulation of T cell cytokine production regulation of T cell mediated immunity regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response regulation of adaptive immune response regulation of gene expression regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity biosynthetic process regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response regulation of immune response metabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response positive regulation of cytokine production regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of T cell cytokine production regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains positive regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of cytokine production positive regulation of immune effector process cytokine production involved in immune response production of molecular mediator of immune response regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response humoral immune response biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to other organism defense response antibacterial humoral response defense response to symbiont response to external stimulus antimicrobial humoral response defense response to bacterium defense response to other organism response to stress response to bacterium response to external biotic stimulus innate immune response detection of external biotic stimulus detection of biotic stimulus detection of bacterium detection of stimulus detection of other organism antigen processing and presentation antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity natural killer cell mediated immunity regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity regulation of innate immune response negative regulation of immune response negative regulation of immune effector process negative regulation of response to external stimulus negative regulation of defense response natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of cell killing negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of defense response regulation of response to biotic stimulus regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of response to external stimulus negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of response to stress negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of cell killing negative regulation of response to stimulus regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity negative regulation of immune system process negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of innate immune response positive regulation of memory T cell activation regulation of memory T cell activation memory T cell activation peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex protein-containing complex organization peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex MHC class I protein complex assembly cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex assembly MHC protein complex assembly cellular component organization or biogenesis antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity positive regulation of cell killing cellular response to stimulus immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway signaling cell communication immune response-activating signaling pathway immune response-regulating signaling pathway signal transduction cell surface receptor signaling pathway immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway T cell receptor signaling pathway antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway activation of immune response antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib regulation of type II interferon production type II interferon production positive regulation of type II interferon production defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle MHC class I protein complex MHC protein complex protein-containing complex plasma membrane protein complex membrane protein complex intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure endoplasmic reticulum exit site endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular vesicle phagocytic vesicle phagocytic vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle membrane bounding membrane of organelle cytoplasmic vesicle vesicle membrane endocytic vesicle membrane organelle membrane endocytic vesicle Golgi apparatus Golgi membrane MHC class I peptide loading complex organelle subcompartment endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex endoplasmic reticulum membrane Golgi apparatus subcompartment Golgi cisterna Golgi stack Golgi medial cisterna lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane lumenal side of membrane endosome membrane endosome recycling endosome recycling endosome membrane early endosome early endosome membrane transport vesicle transport vesicle membrane coated vesicle membrane COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane coated vesicle
B, E, H, K	Beta-2-microglobulin	binding antigen binding peptide antigen binding peptide binding protein-containing complex binding MHC protein complex binding MHC class II protein complex binding identical protein binding protein binding protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity structural molecule activity	intracellular iron ion homeostasis inorganic ion homeostasis cellular homeostasis chemical homeostasis homeostatic process intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis monoatomic ion homeostasis intracellular chemical homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis protein refolding primary metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process intracellular iron ion homeostasis inorganic ion homeostasis cellular homeostasis chemical homeostasis homeostatic process intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis monoatomic ion homeostasis intracellular chemical homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis protein refolding primary metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process protein maturation protein folding biosynthetic process metabolic process cellular process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains multicellular organismal process regulation of immune effector process lymphocyte mediated immunity T cell mediated immunity positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity regulation of cellular process response to stimulus T cell cytokine production positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of immune response cytokine production leukocyte mediated immunity regulation of immune system process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of adaptive immune response positive regulation of T cell cytokine production positive regulation of immune system process regulation of T cell mediated immunity regulation of biological process regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response immune response regulation of adaptive immune response immune effector process regulation of gene expression regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response positive regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of immune response regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response positive regulation of cytokine production regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of T cell cytokine production regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains positive regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of cytokine production positive regulation of immune effector process regulation of multicellular organismal process cytokine production involved in immune response positive regulation of cellular process production of molecular mediator of immune response regulation of biosynthetic process biological regulation regulation of macromolecule metabolic process adaptive immune response regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of gene expression immune system process positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response cellular response to stimulus cellular response to iron ion cellular response to metal ion cellular response to chemical stimulus response to metal ion response to iron ion response to chemical cellular response to iron(III) ion response to iron(III) ion multicellular organismal-level iron ion homeostasis multicellular organismal-level homeostasis multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis regulation of neuron projection development regulation of cellular component organization cellular developmental process cell projection organization negative regulation of biological process cell development neuron projection development cellular component organization neurogenesis multicellular organism development neuron differentiation cell differentiation anatomical structure development negative regulation of cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis negative regulation of cell projection organization system development developmental process plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization negative regulation of cellular component organization regulation of cell projection organization nervous system development negative regulation of neuron projection development generation of neurons neuron development regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization regulation of developmental process regulation of cell differentiation regulation of cell development myeloid cell homeostasis erythrocyte homeostasis regulation of multicellular organismal development hemopoiesis regulation of myeloid cell differentiation erythrocyte differentiation regulation of erythrocyte differentiation myeloid cell differentiation regulation of hemopoiesis homeostasis of number of cells antigen processing and presentation antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen cell activation mononuclear cell differentiation lymphocyte activation lymphocyte differentiation leukocyte activation T cell differentiation in thymus T cell activation T cell differentiation leukocyte differentiation regulation of localization import into cell positive regulation of cellular component organization transport vesicle-mediated transport localization positive regulation of endocytosis positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis regulation of endocytosis regulation of transport regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis regulation of vesicle-mediated transport establishment of localization positive regulation of transport endocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex protein-containing complex organization peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex MHC class I protein complex assembly cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex assembly antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I MHC protein complex assembly regulation of neurogenesis regulation of nervous system development negative regulation of neurogenesis negative regulation of nervous system development negative regulation of cell differentiation negative regulation of developmental process negative regulation of cell development negative regulation of multicellular organismal process negative regulation of cell population proliferation cell population proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of epithelial cell proliferation epithelial cell proliferation negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity T cell mediated cytotoxicity positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity regulation of cell killing positive regulation of cell killing cell killing establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport iron ion transport metal ion transport protein transport macromolecule localization transferrin transport transition metal ion transport monoatomic ion transport intracellular protein localization monoatomic cation transport system process sensory perception of chemical stimulus sensory perception nervous system process sensory perception of smell supramolecular fiber organization amyloid fibril formation protein homotetramerization protein complex oligomerization protein tetramerization protein homooligomerization antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II negative regulation of receptor binding regulation of protein binding regulation of molecular function regulation of receptor binding negative regulation of protein binding regulation of binding negative regulation of binding negative regulation of molecular function peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex MHC class II protein complex assembly cellular response to nicotine response to nicotine regulation of cellular senescence cellular senescence positive regulation of cellular senescence cellular response to stress response to stress antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I behavior learning or memory cognition regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell activation positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of lymphocyte activation positive regulation of cell activation cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of T cell activation positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of cell adhesion regulation of T cell activation regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion regulation of lymphocyte activation negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation forebrain development regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation central nervous system neuron differentiation head development forebrain generation of neurons animal organ development brain development central nervous system development forebrain neuron differentiation negative regulation of neuron differentiation regulation of neuron differentiation regulation of monoatomic ion transport regulation of iron ion transport regulation of metal ion transport biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to other organism response to bacterium response to external stimulus response to external biotic stimulus response to molecule of bacterial origin response to biotic stimulus	cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex plasma membrane protein complex plasma membrane signaling receptor complex membrane protein complex HFE-transferrin receptor complex receptor complex intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol MHC class I protein complex MHC protein complex endosome membrane endosome intracellular vesicle late endosome membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular organelle cytoplasmic vesicle membrane bounding membrane of organelle cytoplasmic vesicle vesicle membrane late endosome organelle membrane phagocytic vesicle phagocytic vesicle membrane endocytic vesicle membrane endocytic vesicle vacuolar membrane lytic vacuole vacuole lytic vacuole membrane lysosomal membrane lysosome Golgi apparatus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular organelle lumen endoplasmic reticulum lumen organelle lumen endoplasmic reticulum Golgi membrane MHC class I peptide loading complex organelle subcompartment endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex endoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicle lumen cytoplasmic vesicle lumen secretory granule lumen specific granule lumen secretory granule secretory vesicle specific granule anchoring junction cell junction focal adhesion cell-substrate junction MHC class II protein complex early endosome endosome lumen early endosome lumen recycling endosome recycling endosome membrane tertiary granule lumen tertiary granule early endosome membrane transport vesicle transport vesicle membrane coated vesicle membrane COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane coated vesicle
C, F, I, L	VAL-VAL-VAL-GLY-ALA-SER-GLY-VAL-GLY-LYS	-	-	-

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, D, G, J	IPR036179	Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, D, G, J	IPR010579	MHC class I, alpha chain, C-terminal	Domain
A, D, G, J	IPR011162	MHC classes I/II-like antigen recognition protein	Homologous Superfamily
A, D, G, J	IPR001039	MHC class I alpha chain, alpha1 alpha2 domains	Domain
A, D, G, J	IPR003006	Immunoglobulin/major histocompatibility complex, conserved site	Conserved Site
A, D, G, J	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
A, D, G, J	IPR007110	Immunoglobulin-like domain	Domain
A, D, G, J	IPR050208	Antigen-presenting and immune regulatory MHC class I-related	Family
A, D, G, J	IPR003597	Immunoglobulin C1-set	Domain
A, D, G, J	IPR011161	MHC class I-like antigen recognition-like	Domain
A, D, G, J	IPR037055	MHC class I-like antigen recognition-like superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B, E, H, K	IPR036179	Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B, E, H, K	IPR003006	Immunoglobulin/major histocompatibility complex, conserved site	Conserved Site
B, E, H, K	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
B, E, H, K	IPR007110	Immunoglobulin-like domain	Domain
B, E, H, K	IPR050160	Major Histocompatibility Complex/Immunoglobulin	Family
B, E, H, K	IPR003597	Immunoglobulin C1-set	Domain
B, E, H, K	IPR015707	Beta-2-Microglobulin	Family

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A, D, G, J	Pharos: P04439	malignant glioma parapsoriasis plasma cell myeloma Stevens-Johnson syndrome thrombocytopenia ankylosing spondylitis mixed glioma juvenile idiopathic arthritis birdshot chorioretinopathy Drug-Induced Acute Liver Injury pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia paranoid schizophrenia pilocytic astrocytoma glioma malignant glioma parapsoriasis plasma cell myeloma Stevens-Johnson syndrome thrombocytopenia ankylosing spondylitis mixed glioma juvenile idiopathic arthritis birdshot chorioretinopathy Drug-Induced Acute Liver Injury pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia paranoid schizophrenia pilocytic astrocytoma glioma prostate carcinoma allergic rhinitis schizophrenia herpes zoster autism juvenile dermatomyositis toxic epidermal necrolysis autoimmune disease lung adenocarcinoma breast cancer malignant ependymoma cutaneous lupus erythematosus nasopharyngeal disease pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma Duchenne muscular dystrophy Graves disease psoriatic arthritis alopecia squamous cell lung carcinoma astrocytic tumor IgA glomerulonephritis subependymal giant cell astrocytoma autism spectrum disorder bipolar disorder lung cancer cancer dermatomyositis ovarian cancer pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm drug-induced liver injury endogenous depression glioblastoma plasma cell neoplasm head and neck squamous cell carcinoma rheumatoid arthritis alopecia areata hepatocellular carcinoma attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type inherited disease susceptibility liver disease vitiligo lung carcinoma cervical cancer colorectal cancer myeloid neoplasm
B, E, H, K	Pharos: P61769	familial visceral amyloidosis hypoproteinemia, hypercatabolic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma MHC class I deficiency esophageal squamous cell carcinoma kidney disease amyloidosis mature T-cell and NK-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma autoimmune disease variant ABeta2M amyloidosis Hypergammaglobulinemia prostate cancer heart disease interstitial cystitis lung carcinoma familial visceral amyloidosis hypoproteinemia, hypercatabolic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma MHC class I deficiency esophageal squamous cell carcinoma kidney disease amyloidosis mature T-cell and NK-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma autoimmune disease variant ABeta2M amyloidosis Hypergammaglobulinemia prostate cancer heart disease interstitial cystitis lung carcinoma acquired metabolic disease ovarian cancer pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia pilocytic astrocytoma psoriasis Sjogren syndrome glioblastoma juvenile dermatomyositis lung adenocarcinoma lymphatic system disease acute kidney failure pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma periodic fever syndrome bone marrow disease Down syndrome rheumatoid arthritis subependymal giant cell astrocytoma lung cancer lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma osteosarcoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm cancer schizophrenia ulcerative colitis

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.