Structural and functional analysis of the costimulatory receptor programmed death-1.
Zhang, X., Schwartz, J.C., Guo, X., Bhatia, S., Cao, E., Lorenz, M., Cammer, M., Chen, L., Zhang, Z.Y., Edidin, M.A., Nathenson, S.G., Almo, S.C.(2004) Immunity 20: 337-347
- PubMed: 15030777 
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(04)00051-2
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
1NPU - PubMed Abstract: 
PD-1, a member of the CD28/CTLA-4/ICOS costimulatory receptor family, delivers negative signals that have profound effects on T and B cell immunity. The 2.0 A crystal structure of the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 reveals an Ig V-type topology with overall similarity to the CTLA-4 monomer; however, there are notable differences in regions relevant to function. Our structural and biophysical data show that PD-1 is monomeric both in solution as well as on cell surface, in contrast to CTLA-4 and other family members that are all disulfide-linked homodimers. Furthermore, our structure-based mutagenesis studies identify the ligand binding surface of PD-1, which displays significant differences compared to those present in the other members of the family.
Organizational Affiliation: 
Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.